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Ruby

The flame of the heart

Called the king of gemstones, ruby has stood for life, courage and love since the dawn of civilization.

Hardness
9 on the Mohs scale
Colors
Pinkish to deep blood red
Birthstone
July
Family
Corundum, like sapphire

Chapter one

Mythology and meaning

In Sanskrit ruby was ratnaraj, king of precious stones. Burmese folklore told of rubies that brought safety and success, and in Europe they were exchanged as tokens of love and protection.

From ancient Burma to the royal courts of Europe, ruby’s fire was believed to hold the very essence of the human heart. Warriors in ancient India even set rubies into their skin to gain invincibility in battle.

In Sanskrit, ruby was the king of precious stones.

Chapter two

Science and sources

Ruby is the red variety of corundum, colored by chromium. Chromium also gives ruby its fluorescence, a red glow that seems to come from within.

The most prized rubies, from the Mogok Valley in Myanmar, are known as pigeon blood for their vivid depth.

Rubies have graced the crowns of kings and inspired centuries of jewelry artistry, from Mughal treasures to Cartier masterpieces. In modern design, they remain the ultimate expression of emotional fire and timeless devotion.

Chromium gives ruby a glow that seems to come from within.

Chapter three

Made for everyday

At 9 on the Mohs scale, ruby is one of the hardest gems there is, ideal for a bracelet worn every day and kept for generations.

Worth knowing

  • Ruby’s hardness, 9 on the Mohs scale, makes it ideal for heirloom jewelry.
  • Rubies were once said to boil water, a sign of their inner heat.
  • Ruby is the birthstone of July.
  • Ruby is the traditional gem for a 40th anniversary.

How to wear it

With diamonds
A diamond line beside ruby reads classic and bright.
With pink
Pink sapphire and ruby make a warm, tonal stack.
In yellow gold
Gold deepens red into something richer.
On its own
One ruby line is a quiet statement.

Explore more fascinating gemstones

The gemology journal

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